What are the different types of data structures and algorithms?

Data Structures

• Arrays: A collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations.
• Linked Lists: A collection of nodes linked together by pointers.
• Stacks: A LIFO (last-in, first-out) data structure where elements are added to the top and removed from the top.
• Queues: A FIFO (first-in, first-out) data structure where elements are added to the rear and removed from the front.
• Trees: A hierarchical data structure that can be sorted.
• Graphs: A collection of nodes and edges that connect them.

Algorithms

• Sorting algorithms: Algorithms for sorting data, such as bubble sort, insertion sort, and merge sort.
• Searching algorithms: Algorithms for finding specific data in a data structure, such as binary search and linear search.
• Graph algorithms: Algorithms for traversing and analyzing graphs, such as breadth-first search and depth-first search.
• Dynamic programming algorithms: Algorithms that solve problems by breaking them down into smaller subproblems.
• Backtracking algorithms: Algorithms that explore all possible solutions to a problem systematically.
• Search algorithms: Algorithms that use a specific search strategy to find a target value in a data structure.
• Sorting algorithms: Algorithms that use a specific sorting criterion to order a data structure.